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Lifeguarding review questions chapter 8These are questions prepared by the Red Cross to help ensure you know the material well enough to pass the written test(s).
You will get a lot more out of this homework assignment if you read the chapter first, then go looking for the answers, instead of just skipping through the book looking for the answers.
Once again, photos to help you keep from scrolling down to the questions before you have read the chapter, this time of volunteers at an Alcatraz to S.F. swim race:
 
Chapter 8: Cardiac Emergencies
Multiple Choice
Circle the correct answer.
1. Signs and symptoms of a heart attack include
a. Chest pain that lasts less than 1 minute.
b. Dry, red, hot skin.
c. Inability to speak in full sentences.
d. Nausea, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
2. Which of the following is not a specific link in the Cardiac Chain of Survival?
a. Early CPR
b. Early defibrillation
c. Early recognition of the emergency and early access to EMS
d. Early rescue
3. You see an older man collapse. You perform an initial assessment and find the man has no movement, breathing or pulse. You begin CPR. How many chest compressions and rescue breaths do you perform in each cycle?
a. 5 chest compressions and 1 rescue breath
b. 10 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths
c. 15 chest compressions and 1 rescue breath
d. 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths
4. Another name for a heart attack is
a. Angina pectoris.
b. Cardiovascular infraction.
c. Commotio cordis.
d. Myocardial infarction.
5. What is the most important action step to take to care for a person you think may be experiencing a heart attack?
a. Check airway, breathing and circulation.
b. Have the victim stop what he or she is doing and rest.
c. Obtain the victim’s consent.
d. Summon EMS personnel.
6. An electrical shock delivered to the heart to correct certain abnormal heart rhythms is called
a. Asystole.
b. Defibrillation.
c. Diastole.
d. Fibrillation.
7. It is important for everyone to stand clear before using an AED to deliver a shock because
a. The AED may not deliver the correct shock to the victim.
b. The AED will not work unless you stand clear.
c. The victim’s arm may swing out and strike you when the shock is delivered.
d. You or someone else could get shocked.
8. Early defibrillation is an important step in the Cardiac Chain of Survival for all of the reasons below EXCEPT
a. Asystole cannot be corrected by defibrillation.
b. Delivering an electrical shock disrupts the electrical activity of the heart long enough to allow the heart to spontaneously develop an effective rhythm on its own.
c. Each minute that defibrillation is delayed reduces the chance of survival by about ten percent.
d. EMS personnel can transport the victim to the hospital more quickly.
9. After confirming that a victim has no movement, breathing or pulse, and an AED is available, the next step is to
a. Deliver a shock if one is indicated, after ensuring that no one is touching the victim and there are no hazards present.
b. Let the AED analyze the victim’s heart rhythm or push the button marked analyze.
c. Plug the connector into the AED, and attach the pads to the victim’s chest.
d. Turn on the AED.
10. When using an AED
a. Check for a pulse while the device is delivering a shock.
b. Dry the victim’s chest thoroughly using alcohol and gauze pads.
c. Place the victim on his or her side.
d. Remove any patch you see on the victim’s chest.
11. The pads of an AED for an adult should be placed
a. On the lower right chest and lower left side.
b. On the lower right side and upper left chest.
c. On the upper right and upper left side of the chest.
d. On the upper right chest and lower left side.
12. After the initial analysis, if the AED prompt indicates that no shock is advised, the next step is to
a. Begin rescue breathing.
b. Look for movement and recheck for breathing and a pulse.
c. Perform 5 cycles (about 2 minutes) of CPR.
d. Restart the AED.
13. If a lifeguard is using an AED on a victim who was removed from the water, all of the following are important EXCEPT
a. Drying the victim’s chest.
b. Drying the victim’s feet and legs.
c. Making sure there are no puddles of water around you, the victim or the AED.
d. Removing wet clothing for proper pad placement, if necessary.
14. When using an AED on a victim with a pacemaker or implanted cardiac device
a. Adjust pad placement, if necessary.
b. Place the pad directly over the implanted cardiac device.
c. Refrain from using an AED because it cannot be used if the victim has an implanted cardiac device.
d. Reverse the position of the pads on the victim’s chest.
15. When using an AED on a child, complete all of the following steps EXCEPT
a. If the pads are touching, place one pad on the child’s chest and the other pad on the child’s back.
b. Make sure the pads are not touching.
c. Place both AED pads on the child’s abdomen just above the navel.
d. Use pediatric AED pads.
Matching
16. Match each term with the correct definition.
A. Early recognition of the emergency and early access to EMS
B. Early CPR
C. Early defibrillation
D. Early advanced medical care
_____Given by EMS personnel who provide more advanced medical care and transport the victim to the hospital.
_____An electrical shock that disrupts the electrical activity of the heart long enough to allow the heart to spontaneously develop an effective rhythm on its own.
_____Compressions and ventilations provided by a rescuer to a victim to help supply oxygen to the brain and other vital organs to keep the victim alive.
_____The sooner 9-1-1 or the local emergency number is called, the sooner EMS personnel arrive and take over.
Multiple Answers
Choose the correct answer or answers.
17. An AED with appropriate pediatric pads may be used on children who are
A. Victims of trauma.
B. Conscious but having chest pain.
C. In a pool.
18. An AED may be used on adult
A. Victims of hypothermia in cardiac arrest.
B. Victims of trauma in cardiac arrest.
C. Victims with a pacemaker who are in cardiac arrest.
D. Victims in the water who are in cardiac arrest.
True or False
Circle True or False.
19. True False Since a child’s chest may be small, it is alright to defibrillate if the pads
touch each other when placed on the chest.
20. True False If the AED pads touch each other on the child’s chest, the lifeguard should
place one pad on the child’s chest and the other pad on the child’s back,
between the shoulder blades.
21. True False Do not to delay defibrillation when taking steps to provide for a dry
environment.
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These are for your review, you do not have to answer them or turn them in.
Fill in the Blanks
22. When the muscle of the heart suffers a loss of oxygenated blood, the result is a____________, or heart attack.
23. As the initial rescuer at the scene performing CPR on an adult, you should perform
__________chest compressions followed by
____________rescue breaths, at a rate of about
____________compressions per minute and compressing
the chest __________ to _____________ inches.
24. As the initial rescuer at the scene performing CPR on a child or infant, you should perform cycles of
_________chest compressions and ____________rescue
breaths, at a depth of ______________to
_______________inches for a child
and to ___________inch for an infant.
25. Most victims of sudden cardiac arrest need an electrical shock called _____________________.
26. Advise all rescuers and bystanders to _______________________ when analyzing the victim’s heart rhythm or delivering a shock to the victim.
27. Do not_______________ or_______________ the victim while the AED is analyzing.
28. After the second analysis, if the AED tells the rescuer no shock advised, he or she should
__________________________________________ .
29. AEDs equipped with pediatric AED pads are capable of delivering appropriate levels of energy to children
between __________________and _______________ years of age
or weighing less than ___________________pounds.
30. ______________________is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by a state of totally disorganized electrical activity of the heart, resulting in a quivering of the ventricles.
31. __________________________is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by very rapid contraction of the ventricles.
Circle the Correct Answer from the Pair
32. The incidence of cardiac arrest in children is relatively (high / low) compared to adults.
33. Cardiac arrest resulting from ventricular fibrillation (does / does not) happen to young children.
34. Most cardiac arrests in children (are / are not) sudden.
Short Answer
35. List at least five signs or symptoms of a heart attack.
36. List in the correct order the four links in the Cardiac Chain of Survival.
37. List at least three of the most common causes of cardiac arrest in children.
38. List in the correct order the seven steps you must follow to defibrillate a victim using an AED after EMS personnel have been summoned.
39. List at least three situations in which traumatic injuries or accidents may be the cause of sudden cardiac arrest in children.
40. What four steps would you take to use an AED on a victim who has been removed from the water and who is not moving or breathing and has no pulse?
41. What should you do before using an AED on a victim who is wearing a nitroglycerin patch?
42. What might a rescuer notice or feel beneath the skin in the chest or collarbone area of a victim of cardiac arrest?
43. You are providing care for a victim of a nonfatal submersion resulting from an ice-fishing accident. You note that the victim is suffering from hypothermia. List five important points to remember while providing care.
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